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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">afjournal</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="ru">Анализ и прогноз. Журнал ИМЭМО РАН</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
     <trans-title>Analysis &amp; Forecasting. Journal of IMEMO</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn pub-type="epub">2713-170X</issn>
   <publisher>
    <publisher-name xml:lang="ru">ИМЭМО РАН</publisher-name>
   </publisher>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20542/afij-2021-1-31-58</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
     <subject>Research Article</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Статьи</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="ru">Пандемия, протесты, протекционизм и президентские выборы в США в 2020 г.</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
     <trans-title>Pandemic, Protests, Protectionism and Presidential Elections in the USA in 2020</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff xml:lang="ru">
     <institution>БОГАЕВСКАЯ Оксана Викторовна, кандидат экономических наук, старший научный сотрудник группы экономических исследований Центра североамериканских исследований.
Национальный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений им. Е.М. Примакова РАН, РФ, 117997 Москва, Профсоюзная, 23 ( bogaevsk@imemo.ru ), ORCI D: 0000-0003-2127-0475
БОРИСОВА Александра Романовна, кандидат политических наук, научный сотрудник c ектора внешней и внутренней политики США Центра североамериканских исследований.
Национальный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений им. Е.М. Примакова РАН, РФ, 117997 Москва, Профсоюзная, 23 ( a-borisova@imemo.ru ), ORCID: 0000-0003-0295-1312
ДАВЫДОВ Алексей Андреевич, кандидат политических наук, научный сотрудник группы изучения региональных отношений лаборатории “Центр ближневосточных исследований”.
Национальный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений им. Е.М. Примакова РАН, РФ, 117997 Москва, Профсоюзная, 23 ( adavydov@imemo.ru ) , ORCID : 0000-0002-8899-8746
ДЕСЯТСКИ Екатерина Анатольевна, младший научный сотрудник cектора внешней и внутренней политики США Центра североамериканских исследований.
Национальный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений им. Е.М. Примакова РАН, РФ, 117997 Москва, Профсоюзная, 23 ( elobastova@imemo.ru ), ORCID : 0000-0002-3598-4404
ДМИТРИЕВ Сергей Сергеевич, кандидат экономических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник группы экономических исследований Центра североамериканских исследований.
Национальный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений им. Е.М. Примакова РАН, РФ, 117997 Москва, Профсоюзная, 23 ( sdmitriev.at.imemo@mail.ru ), ORCID: 0000-0003-2538-8219
ЖУРАВЛЕВА Виктория Юрьевна, кандидат политических наук, руководитель Центра североамериканских исследований.
Национальный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений им. Е.М. Примакова РАН, РФ, 117997 Москва, Профсоюзная, 23 ( zhvika@imemo.ru ), ORCID: 0000-0003-1911-625Х
КИСЛИЦЫН Сергей Владимирович, кандидат политических наук, старший научный сотрудник cектора внешней и внутренней политики США Центра североамериканских исследований.
Национальный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений им. Е.М. Примакова РАН, РФ, 117997 Москва, Профсоюзная, 23 ( skislitsyn@imemo.ru ), ORCID: 0000-0002-8438-7964
КУЛАКОВА Василиса Константиновна, кандидат политических наук, старший научный сотрудник cектора внешней и внутренней политики США Центра североамериканских исследований.
Национальный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений им. Е.М. Примакова РАН, РФ, 117997 Москва, Профсоюзная, 23 ( kulakova @ imemo . ru ), ORCID: 0000-0002-0677-4440
ЧУДИНОВА Ксения Олеговна, научный сотрудник группы экономических исследований Центра североамериканских исследований.
Национальный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений им. Е.М. Примакова РАН, РФ, 117997 Москва, Профсоюзная, 23 ( xenia.chudinova@gmail.com ), ORCID : 0000-0002-5557-8956</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff id="aff-1-en-1" xml:lang="en">
     <institution>Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO), 23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff id="aff-2-en-1" xml:lang="en">
     <institution>Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO), 23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff id="aff-3-en-1" xml:lang="en">
     <institution>Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO), 23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff id="aff-4-en-1" xml:lang="en">
     <institution>Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO), 23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff id="aff-5-en-1" xml:lang="en">
     <institution>Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO), 23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff id="aff-6-en-1" xml:lang="en">
     <institution>Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO), 23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff id="aff-7-en-1" xml:lang="en">
     <institution>Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO), 23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff id="aff-8-en-1" xml:lang="en">
     <institution>Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO), 23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff id="aff-9-en-1" xml:lang="en">
     <institution>Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO), 23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <contrib-group>
    <contrib contrib-type="author" id="author-1" corresp="yes">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2127-0475</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Богаевская</surname>
       <given-names>Оксана Викторовна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Bogaevskaya</surname>
       <given-names>Oksana</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>Профиль автора в Science Index</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"></xref>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1-en-1"></xref>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author" id="author-2">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0295-1312</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Борисова</surname>
       <given-names>Александра Романовна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Borisova</surname>
       <given-names>Alexandra</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>Профиль автора в Science Index

Профиль автора в Scopus</p>
     </bio>
     <email>a-borisova@imemo.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"></xref>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2-en-1"></xref>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author" id="author-3">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8899-8746</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Давыдов</surname>
       <given-names>Алексей Андреевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Davydov</surname>
       <given-names>Alexey</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>Образование:
В 2014 г. – с отличием окончил Факультет мировой политики Государственного академического университета гуманитарных наук (ГАУГН).
В 2017 г. – аспирантуру ИМЭМО РАН.
В 2019 г. – защитил диссертацию на соискание научной степени кандидата политических наук по теме «“Продвижение демократии” во внешней политике США в начале XXI века».
Сфера научных интересов:
Занимается исследованием выработки стратегии и осуществления практики внешней политики США на постсоветском пространстве, Ближнем Востоке, Центральной и Южной Азии, американской политики «продвижения демократии», борьбы с терроризмом и постконфликтного урегулирования, а также содействия международному развитию.

Соавтор интерактивной карты очагов межэтнической напряженности и этнополитической конфликтности «Монитор этнополитической конфликтности» . ( Свидетельство о государственной регистрации программы для ЭВМ «Монитор этнополитической конфликтности»).

2016–2018 гг. – преподавал на кафедре мировой политики и международных отношений Факультета мировой политики ГАУГН.
2021–2023 гг. – сопредседатель Совета молодых ученых ИМЭМО РАН.
Один из составителей фундаментального труда &quot;Основы теории международных отношений. Опыт ИМЭМО в 1970-е годы&quot; (Москва, 2022).
Автор монографии &quot;Прагматический идеализм: продвижение демократии во внешней политике США&quot; (Москва, 2022).
Лауреат 2024 г. Премии имени В.И. Трубникова за серию работ из 20 публикаций по тематике исследования внешней политики Соединенных Штатов Америки: индивидуальной монографии, 12 статей в рецензируемых научных изданиях, 3 глав в коллективных монографиях, 4 статей в соавторстве в рецензируемых научных журналах.
Лауреат Премии Правительства Москвы молодым ученым 2024 года за цикл научных работ, посвященных исследованию стратегии, механизмов и практики внешней политики Соединенных Штатов в международных проблемных областях и регионах мира.


Профиль автора в Science Index
Профиль автора в Scopus
Профиль автора в Publons (ResearcherID)</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>Author`s Profile in Science Index
Author`s Profile in Scopus
Author`s Profile in Publons (ResearcherID)</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"></xref>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3-en-1"></xref>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author" id="author-4">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3598-4404</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Десятски</surname>
       <given-names>Екатерина Анатольевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Desyatsky</surname>
       <given-names>Ekaterina</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>elobastova@imemo.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"></xref>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4-en-1"></xref>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author" id="author-5">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2538-8219</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Дмитриев</surname>
       <given-names>Сергей Сергеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Dmitriev</surname>
       <given-names>Sergey</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>Образование: МГИМО МИД СССР, Факультет международных экономических отношений (МЭО) (1965 г.)

Профиль автора в Science Index</p>
     </bio>
     <email>ssd@imemo.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"></xref>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5-en-1"></xref>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author" id="author-6">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1911-625X</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Журавлева</surname>
       <given-names>Виктория Юрьевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zhuravleva</surname>
       <given-names>Victoria</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>Профиль автора в Science Index
Профиль автора в Scopus</p>
     </bio>
     <email>zhvika@imemo.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"></xref>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6-en-1"></xref>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author" id="author-7">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8438-7964</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Кислицын</surname>
       <given-names>Сергей Владимирович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kislitsyn</surname>
       <given-names>Sergey</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>2015 – 2020 гг. научный сотрудник Центра североамериканских исследований ИМЭМО РАН
С 2021 г. – руководитель Центра изучения стратегического планирования ИМЭМО РАН
2023 – 2025 гг. и.о. директора Института США и Канады им. Г.А. Арбатова Российский академии наук (ИСКРАН)
Образование:
В 2013 г. закончил Исторический факультет МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова, Кафедра новой и новейшей истории .
В 2019 г. защитил диссертацию на соискание ученой степени кандидата политических наук (5.5.4. – Международные отношения по политическим наукам), ИМЭМО РАН
Сфера научных интересов :

протекционизм и торговая политика США;
промышленная политика;
трансатлантические отношения;
стратегическое и индикативное планирование;
прогнозирование международных процессов.

.

ResearcherID
Профиль автора в Scopus
Профиль автора в Science Index</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>Skills and career:
2015-2020 – researcher at the Center for North American Studies, IMEMO
2023-2025 – Acting Director of the Arbatov U.S. and Canada Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISKRAN)
Since 2021 – Head of the Center for Strategic Planning Studies, IMEMO
Education:
2013 – graduate from the History Department of Lomonosov Moscow State University
2019, – PhD in political sciences, IMEMO
Area of research interests:

• Protectionism and US trade policy
• Industrial policy
• Transatlantic relations
• Strategic and indicative planning
• Forecasting of international processes


ResearcherID
Author`s profile in Scopus</p>
     </bio>
     <email>skislitsyn@imemo.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"></xref>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7-en-1"></xref>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author" id="author-8">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0677-4440</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Кулакова</surname>
       <given-names>Василиса Константиновна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Kulakova</surname>
       <given-names>Vasilisa</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>Образование:

Исторический факультет МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова
аспирантура ИМЭМО РАН

Сфера научных интересов: денежно-кредитная политика США, финансовое регулирование в США.</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>Education:

Moscow State University, Historical Faculty
Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Post Graduate Course

Fields of Research: U.S. monetary policy, U.S. financial regulation.</p>
     </bio>
     <email>kulakova@imemo.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"></xref>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8-en-1"></xref>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author" id="author-9">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5557-8956</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Чудинова</surname>
       <given-names>Ксения Олеговна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name name-style="western" xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Chudinova</surname>
       <given-names>Ksenia</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>chudinova@imemo.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"></xref>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9-en-1"></xref>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <pub-date pub-type="epub">
    <day>21</day>
    <month>05</month>
    <year>2021</year>
   </pub-date>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>31</fpage>
   <lpage>58</lpage>
   <permissions>
    <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© Богаевская О.В., Борисова А.Р., Давыдов А.А., Десятски Е.А., Дмитриев С.С., Журавлева В.Ю., Кислицын С.В., Кулакова В.К., Чудинова К.О., 2021
Статья поступила в редакцию 05.02.2021</copyright-statement>
    <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© Oksana V. BOGAEVSKAYA, Aleksandra R. BORISOVA, Aleksey A. DAVYDOV, Ekaterina A. DESYATSKY, Sergey S. DMITRIEV, Victoria Ju. ZHURAVLEVA, Sergey V. KISLITSYN, Vasilisa K. KULAKOVA, Ksenia O. CHUDINOVA, 2021
Received 05.02.2021.</copyright-statement>
    <copyright-year>2021</copyright-year>
    <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Богаевская О.В., Борисова А.Р., Давыдов А.А., Десятски Е.А., Дмитриев С.С., Журавлева В.Ю., Кислицын С.В., Кулакова В.К., Чудинова К.О.</copyright-holder>
    <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bogaevskaya O., Borisova A., Davydov A., Desyatsky E., Dmitriev S., Zhuravleva V., Kislitsyn S., Kulakova V., Chudinova K.</copyright-holder>
   </permissions>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://www.afjournal.ru/2021/1/development-trends-and-risks/pandemic-protests-protectionism-and-presidential-elections-in-the-usa-in-2020">https://www.afjournal.ru/2021/1/development-trends-and-risks/pandemic-protests-protectionism-and-presidential-elections-in-the-usa-in-2020</self-uri>
   <abstract>
    <p>В статье анализируются основные события социально-экономической, внутриполитической жизни США, а также ключевые шаги, предпринятые американской администрацией на международной арене в 2020 г. Прошедший год оказался неожиданным и непредсказуемым: из обычного предвыборного он стал годом испытаний и потрясений для США, общества и власти. Главным катализатором этих потрясений стала пандемия, которая обострила социально-политические разногласия, накопившиеся в обществе и политической элите за годы президентства Д. Трампа, проявила долгосрочные негативные социально-экономические тренды, маскируемые внешним благополучием многолетнего экономического роста и, наконец, акцентировала внешнеторговые и внешнеполитические тенденции, доминировавшие последние четыре года в поведении Вашингтона на международной арене. Статья стала результатом многоаспектного исследования коллектива авторов в области трансформаций, происходящих в США в реальном времени. В основу методологии проведенного исследования был положен системный подход к анализу внутриполитических, социально-экономических, внешнеполитических и внешнеэкономических процессов в Соединенных Штатах.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The article analyzes major trends in domestic, social, economic, trade and foreign policy of the USA in 2020. The last year of Donald Trump’s presidency became the most traumatic and unpredictable for the country. The COVID-19 pandemic dominated every process in the political, social and economic life of the American society and government. At the same time, it accentuated the main trends of the Trump foreign policy.
Trump became the first president to be impeached twice, the 13 th president who after being nominated by his party was not reelected by the society, the first president trying to fight both unknown epidemic and economic crisis during his reelection year, the first president who chose not to come to the inauguration of his successor, the first who made decisive steps to break with American-China interdependence and the first who openly declared that he put American interests above those of the other countries, even the allies. His presidency changed the USA deeply and the last year was the turning point in this transformation. He was the most polarized president and he left behind a deeply divided country.
Trump spent his last year in the White House battling with the pandemic and fighting for power, and it highlighted how limited the capabilities of the American presidency are in the polarized system where political compromise between the parties is no longer possible. At the same time this last year pointed out a critical importance of a leader’s personality for politics in all spheres.
In the time of deep polarization, foreign policy became the only sphere of possible compromise for the parties. Both Democrats and Republicans supported the economic instruments sponsored by Trump of ensuring American leadership in time of pandemic, despite his arrogant style so much criticized by the opposition. After four years of Trump’s presidency the policy of sanctions is considered an effective and long-lasting instrument to control the competitors and enhance the American influence.
At the same time while the trend of confrontation became dominant during the Trump’s presidency and his policy of economic nationalism could have more distant and strategic consequences, the confrontation with key actors such as China demonstrated the limits of American power to influence and to control unilaterally both the global economic and political processes and the behavior of different actors.
This article is a result of a collective multi-aspect research of transformations taking place in the US on a real time basis. The analysis is built methodologically on the systemic approach to studying American political, social and economic trends, both domestically and on international level.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>пандемия COVID-19</kwd>
    <kwd>президент Д. Трамп</kwd>
    <kwd>избирательная кампания</kwd>
    <kwd>чрезвычайное положение</kwd>
    <kwd>федеральные власти</kwd>
    <kwd>раскол общества и власти</kwd>
    <kwd>тарифная война с Китаем</kwd>
    <kwd>торговый протекционизм</kwd>
    <kwd>технологическая конкуренция</kwd>
    <kwd>санкции</kwd>
    <kwd>двухпартийный консенсус</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>COVID-19 pandemic</kwd>
    <kwd>President Trump</kwd>
    <kwd>electoral campaign</kwd>
    <kwd>state of emergency</kwd>
    <kwd>federal authorities</kwd>
    <kwd>polarized society</kwd>
    <kwd>tariff war with China</kwd>
    <kwd>trade protectionism</kwd>
    <kwd>technological competition</kwd>
    <kwd>sanctions</kwd>
    <kwd>bipartisan consensus</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <custom-meta-group>
    <custom-meta>
     <meta-name>UDK</meta-name>
     <meta-value>327:323:324(73)</meta-value>
    </custom-meta>
   </custom-meta-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <back>
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  <fn-group>
   <fn fn-type="conflict">
    <p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p>
   </fn>
  </fn-group>
 </back>
</article>
