afjournal Анализ и прогноз. Журнал ИМЭМО РАН Analysis & Forecasting. Journal of IMEMO 2713-170X ИМЭМО РАН 10.20542/afij-2019-4-11-23 Research Article Статьи “Вестфальский миф” и “вестфальский” суверенитет The “Westphalian Myth” and “Westphalian” Sovereignty КУПРИЯНОВ Алексей Владимирович, кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник сектора международных организаций и глобального политического регулирования Отдела международно-политических проблем. Национальный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений им. Е.М. Примакова РАН, РФ, 117997 Москва, Профсоюзная, 23 ( a . kupriyanov @ imemo . ru ) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9041-6514 Куприянов Алексей Владимирович Kupriyanov Alexey

Образование: исторический факультет МГПУ и магистратура Дипломатической академии МИД России по специальности "международные отношения". Работал журналистом-международником. Автор более 30 научных работ, опубликованных в отечественных и зарубежных журналах. Сфера интересов: история, внешняя и внутренняя политика, экономика и культура стран Южной Азии и региона Индийского океана, история и теория международных отношений. Иностранные языки: английский, хинди.

Dr Kupriyanov studied the Anglo-Saxon History at the Department of History of the Moscow City Teacher Training University and English language and literature in Ireland. He has a master’s degree in IR after graduating from the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia. Dr Kupriyanov worked as a foreign affairs journalist on TV and in various newspapers. Research interests: history and modernity of the countries of South, Southeast and East Asia, Indian external policy, Indo-Pacific region, Indo-Chinese relations, IR theory. Languages : English, Hindi.

 a.kupriyanov@imemo.ru 17 11 2019 4 11 23 © 2019 г. А. Куприянов Статья поступила в редакцию 17.11.2019. © 2019 г. Aleksei V. KUPRIYANOV Received 17.11.2019 2019 Куприянов А.В. Kupriyanov A. https://www.afjournal.ru/2019/4/theory-and-methodology/the-westphalian-myth-and-westphalian-sovereignty

В статье исследуется вопрос о происхождении так называемого вестфальского суверенитета – концепции, согласно которой национальное государство обладает всей полнотой власти во внешнеполитических вопросах, являясь полностью независимым в принятии решений. Автор, анализируя текст Вестфальского мирного договора и исторические реалии XVII в., приходит к выводу, что Вестфальский конгресс не сыграл решающей роли в формировании системы суверенных государств, а сам “вестфальский суверенитет” является изобретением значительно более поздним. Для иллюстрации этого в статье на примере частного вопроса о независимости Швейцарии и Нидерландов рассматривается специфика представлений о суверенитете в описываемый период.

The article focuses on the origin of so-called Westphalian sovereignty. There was a popular idea among many IR scholars, that Europe had hierarchical state system before the Westphalian Peace Congress built on the model of the feudal order. It was argued that as a result of the signing of the Peace Treaty of Westphalia, a new international order was created based on the interaction of numerous sovereign states that treated each other as equals. The author analyzes the evolution of the medieval state system and concludes that it went through several stages. The barbarian kingdoms, having full sovereignty, were fragmented into various polities (duchies, counties, baronies, etc.) due to the weakening of royal power. However, this process was completed by the 14th century, and sovereign kingdoms that did not recognize the suzerainty of the Emperor or the Pope, n became the main players on the political stage again. Moreover, there was a concept of precedence among nations, which determined the status of the state in the European state system. It did not oblige politicians of lower status to obey their superior, but at the same time, high status was perceived as a value in itself. The author also examines the text of the Westphalian Treaty and demonstrates that there is no mention of sovereignty there. Those formulas that can be interpreted as a reference to sovereignty, repeat the text of previous treaties or are a consolidation of existing practices. The author demonstrates that after the conclusion of the Peace of Westphalia, the concept of priority remained until the end of the Ancien Régime. To demonstrate how complex the concept of sovereignty was in the Early Modern Europe, the author explores the process of independence by the Netherlands and Switzerland, showing that none of them was formally enshrined in the Westphalian Treaty.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.